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Collect 1-2mL aseptically; inoculate into blood culture bottle or 1.5-mL lysis-centrifugation tube. Mote, V.L. Containerization and the Trans-Siberian land bridge. Geogr. Rev. 1984, 74, 304–314. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Tsao, Y.-C.; Ling, V.T. Seaport-dry port network design considering multimodal transport and carbon emissions. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 199, 481–492. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] March 2020, the World Ports Sustainability Program (WPSP) and the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) set up a COVID-19 Task Force to monitor the impacts of COVID-19 on ports and to facilitate information exchange between ports on procedures and practices in dealing with COVID-19. The IAPH–WPSP COVID-19 task force took the initiative to launch an “IAPH–WPSP Port Economic Impact Barometer” to gather information on the short-term impacts of COVID-19 on ports in the area of vessel calls, hinterland transport, distribution activities, procedures, and staff availability. This resulted in the publication of periodical Barometer reports in the period since April 2020 and a half-year report in September 2020 (Notteboom and Pallis 2020). Originally designed only for collision avoidance and information exchange between ships, nowadays the AIS is extensively used by operators as the primary means for ship traffic monitoring on a much larger scale than that achievable with conventional coastal surveillance systems. With AIS, ships voluntarily broadcast their position, velocity, along with other identification and voyage-related information. The AIS communication protocol is asynchronous and prescribes that different types of messages be transmitted with different frequencies. There are two types of AIS transponders: Class A, for large ships, and class B, for smaller vessels. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) mandates that every ship of more than 300 gross tonnage, all passenger ships and all fishing vessels with a length above 15 m be equipped with class A transponders. A Class A AIS unit broadcasts the following information every 2 to 10 s while underway, and every 3 m while at anchor at a power level of 12.5 W. Conversely, class B transponders are designed to bring the benefits of AIS on smaller vessels; indeed, they are smaller and less expensive than class A type transceivers. As such, they can be installed on small ships such as recreational vessels that want to have the benefits of having the AIS even if, for their size, they are not required to fit a transponder onboard.

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Crude oil WTI price data (Investing.com). https://www.investing.com/commodities/crude-oil. (Accessed 07 Sept 2020).

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Romera, B.M. The Paris agreement and the regulation of international bunker fuels. Reciel—Rev. Eur. Community Int. Environ. Law 2016, 25, 215–227. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Because a limited amount of fluid can be collected by aspiration, it should be transported immediately to the laboratory in the properly enclosed collection syringe.